자궁경부암

자궁경부암의 가장 중요한 원인은 인유두종바이러스(HPV. Human Papilloma Virus) 감염입니다. 인유두종바이러스는 매우 흔하여 여성 대부분은 일생에 한번 이상 감염을 경험합니다. 인유두종바이러스 감염 이외에도 흡연은 자궁경부암 발생 위험을 증가시킵니다.

HPV에 감염되어 있으면서 5년 이상 담배를 피운 여성은 자궁경부암 발병 위험이 무려 36배나 증가했습니다.

담배를 피우는 여성은 담배를 피우지 않는 여성에 비하여 자궁경부암에 걸릴 위험이 1.5~2.3배 가량 높습니다. 우리나라 연구에서도 담배를 피우는 여성의 자궁경부암 발생 및 사망 위험은 2배 가량 높은 것으로 나타났습니다. 세계보건기구 산하의 국제암연구소에서는 흡연이 자궁경부암을 유발한다는 충분한 근거를 가지고 인간에 대한 발암물질로 규정하였습니다.

과거 흡연 경험이 있으나 현재 담배를 피우지 않는 여성은 현재 흡연 여성에 비해 위험도가 낮았습니다. 담배를 피우면 자궁경부암이 발생할 위험이 높아지므로 자궁경부암 예방을 위해서는 인유두종바이러스 예방접종을 받고, 담배를 피우지 않는 것이 필요합니다.

• <참고문헌>
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